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System design interview question

Design a real-time multi-tenant analytics dashboard

Hard · System design (HLD) · Company tags: Atlassian

The prompt

"Design a real-time analytics dashboard for a SaaS product. Every customer sees charts of their own data, updating live. Ten thousand customers of wildly different sizes, thousands of concurrent dashboard viewers, and queries must return in under a second. Some customers have a thousand events a day; one has a billion."

What this round really tests

multi-tenant isolation combined with interactive query latency. The distinguishing content is: how one enormous tenant is prevented from degrading everyone else, the pre-aggregation versus on-demand trade-off under a sub-second budget, and how "real time" is delivered without re-querying constantly.

Clarifying questions worth asking

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