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System design interview question

Design a rate limiter

Medium · System design (HLD) · Company tags: Amazon, Google, Uber, Stripe, Microsoft, Atlassian, Pinterest, Cloudflare, Razorpay, Zomato

The prompt

"Design a rate limiter for an API platform. Clients get quotas like 1,000 requests per minute. It must be accurate, add almost no latency, and work across a fleet of hundreds of servers. 10 million requests per second across all clients."

What this round really tests

distributed counting under a tight latency budget, and the algorithm choice that determines what "1,000 per minute" actually means. The distinguishing content is: the fixed-window boundary problem, the trade-off between accuracy and coordination, and where the limiter sits in the request path.

Clarifying questions worth asking

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