System design interview question
"Design a centralized logging system. Thousands of services across a large fleet emit log lines; engineers need to search them during incidents and keep them for compliance. Ten terabytes of logs a day. Tell me how a log line gets from a container to a search box."
a high-volume ingestion pipeline where the data is cheap individually and enormous in aggregate, plus the economics of indexing. The distinguishing content is: logging must never impact the applications producing it, the index costs more than the data, and retention tiering is the difference between a viable and an unaffordable system.
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