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System design interview question

Design a key-value store

Hard · System design (HLD) · Company tags: Amazon, Google, Redis, MongoDB

The prompt

"Design a distributed key-value store — something like DynamoDB or Cassandra. It must scale horizontally, survive node and datacenter failures, and stay available for writes. Tell me what consistency guarantees you offer and why."

What this round really tests

the CAP trade-off made concrete, plus the storage-engine and replication machinery that follows from it. It is the most theory-heavy question in this list, and the signal is whether the candidate can turn abstract consistency talk into specific mechanisms — quorums, vector clocks, hinted handoff, LSM trees — and defend the choices.

Clarifying questions worth asking

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