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System design interview question

Design a search engine at Google scale

Hard · System design (HLD) · Company tags: PhonePe

The prompt

"Design a web search engine. Given a query, return the ten most relevant pages from an index of tens of billions of documents, in under 200 milliseconds. 100,000 queries per second."

What this round really tests

the full retrieval pipeline at extreme scale — index construction and sharding, the multi-stage retrieval funnel, and ranking. It is a large question, so the first signal is whether the candidate scopes it. The distinguishing technical content is document sharding with scatter-gather, early termination, and the cheap-to-expensive ranking cascade.

Clarifying questions worth asking

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